{"id":9055,"date":"2024-02-27T16:29:22","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T08:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/?p=9055"},"modified":"2024-02-27T17:08:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:08:24","slug":"production-technology-of-oil-casing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/production-technology-of-oil-casing\/","title":{"rendered":"Teknologi Produksi Casing Minyak"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/shop\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/shop\/\">Selubung minyak<\/a><\/strong> Merupakan komponen penting dalam proses ekstraksi minyak dan <a href=\"\/tag\/gas\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/gas-4\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gas<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>. Teknologi produksi selubung minyak mencakup beberapa langkah dan pertimbangan penting. Mari kita jelajahi secara detail.<br>\n<br>\nPertama-tama, pemilihan bahan baku berkualitas tinggi adalah hal yang paling penting. Misalnya, paduan baja khusus dipilih yang memiliki kekuatan dan daya tahan yang diperlukan untuk menahan kondisi yang menuntut di dalam reservoir minyak dan gas. Paduan ini mungkin termasuk kromium, nikel, atau mangan, yang meningkatkan ketahanan <a href=\"\/tag\/casing\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/casing-2\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Casing<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a> terhadap korosi dan tekanan mekanis.<br>\n<br>\nProses pembuatan dimulai dengan membentuk baja menjadi bentuk yang diinginkan. Ini bisa melibatkan teknik seperti penggulungan, penempaan, atau ekstrusi. Contoh utama adalah penggunaan penggulungan presisi untuk mencapai <a href=\"\/tag\/diameter\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Diameter<\/strong><\/a> dan ketebalan dinding casing yang tepat, sehingga memastikan kesesuaian yang pas di dalam lubang sumur.<br>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20240104142713.jpg 1706w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><br>\n<\/figure><br>\nSetelah proses pembentukan, casing mengalami perlakuan panas untuk meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya. Annealing, quenching, dan tempering biasanya digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan dan ketangguhan <a href=\"\/tag\/material\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Material<\/strong><\/a>. Contohnya adalah menempatkan casing pada rentang\u00a0suhu\u00a0tertentu dan laju pendinginan untuk mendapatkan kekerasan dan keuletan yang diinginkan.<br>\n<br>\nUntuk menjamin integritas casing, langkah-langkah kontrol kualitas yang ketat diterapkan. Metode pengujian non-destruktif, seperti sinar-X atau ultrasonografi, digunakan untuk mendeteksi potensi kekurangan atau cacat. Salah satu contohnya adalah penggunaan gelombang ultrasonik untuk mengidentifikasi retakan internal atau ketidakhomogenan yang dapat mengganggu kinerja casing.<br>\n<br>\nKetahanan terhadap korosi adalah hal yang sangat penting. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, casing sering kali dil<strong>\u00a0API<\/strong>si atau diberi bahan anti korosi. Contohnya adalah mengaplikasikan lapisan seng atau menggunakan lapisan khusus yang memberikan lapisan perlindungan tambahan terhadap efek korosif minyak, gas, dan lingkungan sekitar.<br>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-1-color\">Komposisi Kimia, Fraksi Massa (%)<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Kelas<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>C<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Mn<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Mo<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Kr<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ni<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cu<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>P<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Si<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td><strong>Jenis<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>menit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>menit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>menit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>menit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>12<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>14<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">H40<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/j55\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>J55<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/k55\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>K55<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/n80\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>N80<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">N80<\/td><td>Q<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">R95<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0,45c<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.9<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/l80\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/l80-2\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>l80<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0,43 a<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.9<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>0.35<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">L80<\/td><td>9Cr<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.15<\/td><td>0.3<\/td><td>0.6<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">L80<\/td><td>13Cr<\/td><td>0.15<\/td><td>0.22<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/c90\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>C90<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.35<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.2<\/td><td>0,25b<\/td><td>0.85<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>0.99<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/t95\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>T95<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.35<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.2<\/td><td>0,25b<\/td><td>0.85<\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>0.99<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C110<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.35<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.2<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>0.99<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.03<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/p110\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>P110<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>e<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0,030 e<\/td><td>0,030 e<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"\/tag\/q125\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Q125<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.35<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>1.35<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.85<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>0.99<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.01<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">CATATAN Elemen yang ditampilkan harus dilaporkan dalam analisis produk.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">a Kandungan karbon untuk L80 dapat ditingkatkan hingga maksimum 0,50 % jika produk tersebut dipadamkan dengan minyak atau dipadamkan dengan polimer.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">b Kandungan molibdenum untuk <a href=\"\/tag\/grade\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>grade<\/strong><\/a> C90 Tipe 1 tidak memiliki toleransi minimum jika ketebalan dinding kurang dari 17,78 mm.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">c Kandungan karbon untuk R95 dapat ditingkatkan hingga maksimum 0,55 % jika produk dipadamkan dengan minyak.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">d Kandungan molibdenum untuk T95 Tipe 1 dapat diturunkan hingga minimum 0,15 % jika ketebalan dinding kurang dari 17,78 mm.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"15\">e Untuk EW Grade P110, kandungan fosfor harus maksimum 0,020 % dan kandungan sulfur maksimum 0,010 %.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"10\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-1-color\">Persyaratan Tarik dan Kekerasan<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Kelas<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Kekuatan Hasil MPa<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tarik <\/strong><strong>Kekuatan<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Kekerasan <\/strong>a,c<\/td><td><strong>Ketebalan Dinding Tertentu<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Kekerasan yang Diijinkan <\/strong><strong>Variasi <\/strong>b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td><strong>Jenis<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Total Perpanjangan Di Bawah Beban<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><\/td><td><strong>min MPa<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>menit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>maks<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>HRC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>PBR<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>mm<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HRC<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">H40<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>276<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>414<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">J55<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>379<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>517<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">K55<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>379<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">N80<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>689<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">N80<\/td><td>Q<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>689<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">R95<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>724<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">L80 L80<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>241<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">L80<\/td><td>9Cr 13Cr<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>241<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>552<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>241<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C90<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>621<\/td><td>724<\/td><td>689<\/td><td>25.4<\/td><td>255<\/td><td>\u00a312.70<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>12,71 hingga 19,04<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">T95<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>655<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>724<\/td><td>25.4<\/td><td>255<\/td><td>\u00a312.70<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>12,71 hingga 19,04<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C110<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.7<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>828<\/td><td>793<\/td><td>30<\/td><td>286<\/td><td>\u00a312.70<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>12,71 hingga 19,04<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">P110<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>0.6<\/td><td>758<\/td><td>965<\/td><td>862<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Q125<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.65<\/td><td>862<\/td><td>1034<\/td><td>931<\/td><td>b<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u00a312.70<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>12.71 hingga 19.04 19.05<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"10\">a Jika terjadi perselisihan, pengujian kekerasan laboratorium Rockwell C harus digunakan sebagai metode rujukan.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"10\">b Tidak ada batas kekerasan yang ditentukan, namun variasi maksimum dibatasi sebagai kontrol manufaktur sesuai dengan 7.8 dan 7.9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"10\">c Untuk uji kekerasan menembus dinding Kelas L80 (semua tipe), C90, T95 dan C110, persyaratan yang dinyatakan dalam skala HRC adalah untuk angka kekerasan rata-rata maksimum.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><br>\nSingkatnya, teknologi produksi selubung oli memerlukan perpaduan bahan\u00a0unggul\u00a0yang cermat, proses produksi yang presisi, dan kontrol kualitas yang ketat. Dengan mematuhi langkah-langkah ini, kami dapat memproduksi selubung minyak yang dapat diandalkan dan berperforma tinggi, sehingga menjamin keamanan dan kemanjuran operasi ekstraksi minyak dan gas.<br>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selubung minyak Merupakan komponen penting dalam proses ekstraksi minyak dan <a href=\"\/tag\/gas\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/gas-4\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gas<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>. Teknologi produksi selubung minyak mencakup beberapa langkah dan pertimbangan penting. Mari&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[198,182,195,184,181,180],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"id","enabled_languages":["en","zh","es","hi","ar","bn","pt","ms","de","id","ru","ja","fr","it","ko","tr","sw"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bn":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ms":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9055"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9076,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055\/revisions\/9076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}