{"id":9055,"date":"2024-02-27T16:29:22","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T08:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/?p=9055"},"modified":"2024-02-27T17:08:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:08:24","slug":"production-technology-of-oil-casing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/production-technology-of-oil-casing\/","title":{"rendered":"Teknologi Pengeluaran Selongsong Minyak"},"content":{"rendered":"Sarung minyak<\/a><\/strong> adalah komponen kritikal dalam proses pengekstrakan minyak dan Gas<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>. Teknologi pengeluaran selongsong minyak merangkumi beberapa langkah dan pertimbangan penting. Mari kita terokai mereka secara terperinci.
\n
\nSebagai permulaan, pemilihan bahan mentah berkualiti tinggi adalah amat penting. Sebagai contoh, aloi keluli khas dipilih yang mempunyai kekuatan dan ketahanan yang diperlukan untuk menahan keadaan yang mendesak dalam takungan minyak dan\u00a0gas\u00a0. Aloi ini mungkin termasuk kromium, nikel atau mangan, meningkatkan ketahanan selongsong terhadap kakisan dan tekanan mekanikal.
\n
\nProses pembuatan bermula dengan membentuk keluli ke dalam bentuk yang dikehendaki. Ini mungkin melibatkan teknik seperti menggolek, menempa atau penyemperitan. Contoh utama ialah penggunaan penggulungan ketepatan untuk mencapai Diameter<\/strong><\/a> tepat dan ketebalan dinding selongsong, memastikan kesesuaian yang selesa di dalam lubang telaga.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nBerikutan proses pembentukan, selongsong menjalani rawatan haba untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanikalnya. Penyepuhlindapan, pelindapkejutan dan pembajaan biasanya digunakan untuk meningkatkan\u00a0kekuatan\u00a0dan keliatan bahan. Satu contoh ini akan menjadikan selongsong itu tertakluk kepada julat\u00a0suhu\u00a0 dan kadar penyejukan tertentu untuk mendapatkan kekerasan dan kemuluran yang diingini.
\n
\nUntuk menjamin integriti selongsong, langkah kawalan kualiti yang ketat dilaksanakan. Kaedah ujian tidak merosakkan, seperti X-ray atau ultrasound, digunakan untuk mengesan sebarang kemungkinan kecacatan atau kecacatan. Contohnya ialah menggunakan gelombang ultrasound untuk mengenal pasti keretakan dalaman atau ketidakhomogenan yang boleh menjejaskan prestasi selongsong.
\n
\nKetahanan kakisan adalah kebimbangan utama. Untuk mengatasinya, selongsong selalu disalut atau dirawat dengan agen anti-karat. Contohnya boleh menggunakan salutan zink atau menggunakan salutan khusus yang memberikan l\u00a0API<\/strong>san perlindungan tambahan terhadap kesan menghakis minyak, gas dan persekitaran sekitar.
\n
Komposisi Kimia, Pecahan Jisim (%)<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Gred<\/strong><\/td><\/td>C<\/strong><\/td>Mn<\/strong><\/td>Mo<\/strong><\/td>Cr<\/strong><\/td>Ni<\/strong><\/td>Cu<\/strong><\/td>P<\/strong><\/td>S<\/strong><\/td>Si<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>Jenis<\/strong><\/td>min<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>min<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>min<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>min<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1<\/strong><\/td>2<\/strong><\/td>3<\/strong><\/td>4<\/strong><\/td>5<\/strong><\/td>6<\/strong><\/td>7<\/strong><\/td>8<\/strong><\/td>9<\/strong><\/td>10<\/strong><\/td>11<\/strong><\/td>12<\/strong><\/td>13<\/strong><\/td>14<\/strong><\/td>15<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H40<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
J55<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
K55<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
N80<\/strong><\/a><\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
N80<\/td>Q<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
R95<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.45 c<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.9<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.45<\/td><\/tr>
l80<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.43 a<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.9<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.25<\/td>0.35<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.03<\/td>0.45<\/td><\/tr>
L80<\/td>9Cr<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.15<\/td>0.3<\/td>0.6<\/td>0.9<\/td>1.1<\/td>8<\/td>10<\/td>0.5<\/td>0.25<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.03<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
L80<\/td>13Cr<\/td>0.15<\/td>0.22<\/td>0.25<\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>12<\/td>14<\/td>0.5<\/td>0.25<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.03<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
C90<\/strong><\/a><\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.35<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.2<\/td>0.25 b<\/td>0.85<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.5<\/td>0.99<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
T95<\/strong><\/a><\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.35<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.2<\/td>0.25 b<\/td>0.85<\/td>0.4<\/td>1.5<\/td>0.99<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
C110<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.35<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.2<\/td>0.25<\/td>1<\/td>0.4<\/td>1.5<\/td>0.99<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.03<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
P110<\/strong><\/a><\/td>e<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.030 e<\/td>0.030 e<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
Q125<\/strong><\/a><\/td>1<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.35<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>1.35<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.85<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1.5<\/td>0.99<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.01<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
CATATAN Elemen yang ditunjukkan hendaklah dilaporkan dalam analisis produk.<\/td><\/tr>
a Kandungan karbon untuk L80 boleh ditingkatkan sehingga 0.50 % maksimum jika produk dipadamkan minyak atau dipadamkan polimer.<\/td><\/tr>
b Kandungan molibdenum untuk Gred C90 Jenis 1 tidak mempunyai toleransi minimum jika ketebalan dinding kurang daripada 17.78 mm.<\/td><\/tr>
c Kandungan karbon untuk R95 boleh ditingkatkan sehingga 0.55 % maksimum jika produk dipadamkan minyak.<\/td><\/tr>
d Kandungan molibdenum untuk T95 Jenis 1 boleh dikurangkan kepada 0.15 % minimum jika ketebalan dinding kurang daripada 17.78 mm.<\/td><\/tr>
e Untuk EW Gred P110, kandungan fosforus hendaklah 0.020 % maksimum dan kandungan sulfur 0.010 % maksimum.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>
Keperluan Tegangan dan Kekerasan<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Gred<\/strong><\/td><\/td><\/td>Kekuatan Hasil MPa<\/strong><\/td>Tegangan <\/strong>Kekuatan<\/strong><\/td>Kekerasan <\/strong>a,c<\/td>Ketebalan Dinding Ditentukan<\/strong><\/td>Kekerasan Yang Dibenarkan <\/strong>Variasi <\/strong>b<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>Jenis<\/strong><\/td>Jumlah Pemanjangan Di Bawah Beban<\/strong><\/td><\/td>min MPa<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>min<\/strong><\/td>maks<\/strong><\/td>\u00a0<\/td>HRC<\/strong><\/td>HBW<\/strong><\/td>mm<\/strong><\/td>HRC<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1<\/strong><\/td>2<\/strong><\/td>3<\/strong><\/td>4<\/strong><\/td>5<\/strong><\/td>6<\/strong><\/td>7<\/strong><\/td>8<\/strong><\/td>9<\/strong><\/td>10<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H40<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.5<\/td>276<\/td>552<\/td>414<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
J55<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.5<\/td>379<\/td>552<\/td>517<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
K55<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.5<\/td>379<\/td>552<\/td>655<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
N80<\/td>1<\/td>0.5<\/td>552<\/td>758<\/td>689<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
N80<\/td>Q<\/td>0.5<\/td>552<\/td>758<\/td>689<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
R95<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.5<\/td>655<\/td>758<\/td>724<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
L80 L80<\/td>1<\/td>0.5<\/td>552<\/td>655<\/td>655<\/td>23<\/td>241<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
L80<\/td>9Cr 13Cr<\/td>0.5<\/td>552<\/td>655<\/td>655<\/td>23<\/td>241<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>0.5<\/td>552<\/td>655<\/td>655<\/td>23<\/td>241<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
C90<\/td>1<\/td>0.5<\/td>621<\/td>724<\/td>689<\/td>25.4<\/td>255<\/td>\u00a312.70<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>12.71 hingga 19.04<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00b3\u00a025.40<\/td>6<\/td><\/tr>
T95<\/td>1<\/td>0.5<\/td>655<\/td>758<\/td>724<\/td>25.4<\/td>255<\/td>\u00a312.70<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>12.71 hingga 19.04<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00b3\u00a025.40<\/td>6<\/td><\/tr>
C110<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.7<\/td>758<\/td>828<\/td>793<\/td>30<\/td>286<\/td>\u00a312.70<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>12.71 hingga 19.04<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>19.05 hingga 25.39<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00b3\u00a025.40<\/td>6<\/td><\/tr>
P110<\/td>\u2014<\/td>0.6<\/td>758<\/td>965<\/td>862<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
Q125<\/td>1<\/td>0.65<\/td>862<\/td>1034<\/td>931<\/td>b<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u00a312.70<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>12.71 hingga 19.04 19.05<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
a Sekiranya berlaku pertikaian, ujian kekerasan makmal Rockwell C hendaklah digunakan sebagai kaedah pengadil.<\/td><\/tr>
b Tiada had kekerasan dinyatakan, tetapi variasi maksimum dihadkan sebagai kawalan pembuatan mengikut 7.8 dan 7.9.<\/td><\/tr>
c Untuk ujian kekerasan melalui dinding Gred L80 (semua jenis), C90, T95 dan C110, keperluan yang dinyatakan dalam skala HRC adalah untuk nombor purata kekerasan maksimum.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>
\nRingkasnya, teknologi pengeluaran sarung minyak memerlukan gabungan teliti bahan-bahan unggul, proses pembuatan yang tepat dan kawalan kualiti yang ketat. Dengan mematuhi langkah-langkah ini, kami boleh menghasilkan selongsong minyak yang boleh dipercayai dan berprestasi tinggi, memastikan keselamatan dan keberkesanan operasi pengekstrakan minyak dan gas.
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sarung minyak adalah komponen kritikal dalam proses pengekstrakan minyak dan Gas<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>. Teknologi pengeluaran selongsong minyak merangkumi beberapa langkah dan pertimbangan penting. Mari…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[198,182,195,184,181,180],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"ms","enabled_languages":["en","zh","es","hi","ar","bn","pt","ms","de","id","ru","ja","fr","it","ko","tr","sw"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bn":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ms":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9055"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9076,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9055\/revisions\/9076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.casingtube.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}