Exploring the Differences Between casing and Tubing in Oil and Gas Drilling Person 1: “What’s the difference between casing and Tubing in…
Exploring the Differences Between casing and Tubing in Oil and Gas Drilling
Person 1: “What’s the difference between casing and Tubing in Oil and gas drilling?”
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Person 2: “casing is a large-diameter Pipe that is set in a wellbore and cemented in place to protect the wellbore from collapsing and to prevent contaminants from entering the well. Tubing, on the other hand, is a smaller-diameter Pipe that is inserted into the wellbore to allow the flow of Oil and gas from the reservoir to the surface.”
Person 1: “What are the differences in their construction?”
Person 2: “casing is typically made of steel and is designed to withstand high pressure and temperature. Tubing is usually made of a more flexible material, such as aluminum or plastic, and is designed to be more easily removed and replaced.”
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Tensile and Hardness Requirements
Grade
Yield Strength MPa
Tensile Strength
Hardness a,c
Specified Wall Thickness
Allowable Hardness Variation b
Type
Total Elongation Under Load
min MPa
max
min
max
HRC
HBW
mm
HRC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
H40
—
0.5
276
552
414
—
—
—
—
J55
—
0.5
379
552
517
—
—
—
—
K55
—
0.5
379
552
655
—
—
—
—
N80
1
0.5
552
758
689
—
—
—
—
N80
Q
0.5
552
758
689
—
—
—
—
R95
—
0.5
655
758
724
—
—
—
—
L80 L80
1
0.5
552
655
655
23
241
—
—
L80
9Cr 13Cr
0.5
552
655
655
23
241
—
—
0.5
552
655
655
23
241
—
—
C90
1
0.5
621
724
689
25.4
255
£12.70
3
12.71 to 19.04
4
19.05 to 25.39
5
³ 25.40
6
T95
1
0.5
655
758
724
25.4
255
£12.70
3
12.71 to 19.04
4
19.05 to 25.39
5
³ 25.40
6
C110
—
0.7
758
828
793
30
286
£12.70
3
12.71 to 19.04
4
19.05 to 25.39
5
³ 25.40
6
P110
—
0.6
758
965
862
—
—
—
—
Q125
1
0.65
862
1034
931
b
—
£12.70
3
12.71 to 19.04 19.05
4
5
a In case of dispute, laboratory Rockwell C hardness testing shall be used as the referee method.
b No hardness limits are specified, but the maximum variation is restricted as a manufacturing control in accordance with 7.8 and 7.9.
c For through-wall hardness tests of Grades L80 (all types), C90, T95 and C110, the requirements stated in HRC scale are for maximum mean hardness number.
 API 5CT L80casingTubingGrade Color Codes
Grade
Grade Type
Number and Color of Bands for Product a with Length ³ 1.8 m
Color(s) for Couplings
Entire Coupling
Band(s) b, c
1
2
3
4
5
H40
—
None or black band at the manufacturer’s option
None
Same as for Pipe
J55Tubing
—
One bright green
Bright green
None
J55casing
—
One bright green
Bright green
One white
K55
—
Two bright green
Bright green
None
N80
1
One red
Red
None
N80
Q
One red, one bright green
Red
Green
R95
—
One brown
Brown
None
L80
1
One red, one brown
Red
One brown
L80
9Cr
One red, one brown, two yellow
None
Two yellow
L80
13Cr
One red, one brown, one yellow
None
One yellow
C90
1
One purple
Purple
None
T95
1
One silver
Silver
None
C110
—
One white, two brown
White
Two brown
P110
—
One white
White
None
Q125
1
One orange
Orange
None
a In the case of coupling material, unless otherwise specified in the purchase agreement, the manufacturer’s internal requirements shall govern.
b Special clearance couplings shall also have a black band.
c Seal-ring couplings shall also have a blue band.
Person 2: “casing is typically installed in sections, while Tubing is usually installed in one continuous length. casing is also typically installed in the wellbore before the drilling process begins, while Tubing is usually installed after the drilling process is complete. Additionally, casing is typically used to isolate different zones in the wellbore, while Tubing is used to transport Oil and gas from the reservoir to the surface.”
Understanding the Benefits of Using casing and Tubing in Oil and Gas Drilling Operations